Microbiology Practice Exam

Salmonellosis is primarily caused by which bacterium?

1. Treponema pallidum

2. Staphylococcus aureus

3. Salmonella enterica

4. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The correct answer is: Salmonella enterica

Salmonellosis is primarily caused by Salmonella enterica, which is a type of bacteria that commonly resides in the intestines of animals and can be transmitted to humans through contaminated food or water. This bacterium is known for causing gastrointestinal infections characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps. Salmonella enterica is divided into numerous serovars, with some, such as Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, being among the most prevalent causes of foodborne illness. The ability of this bacterium to survive in various environments, including in food products, contributes to its widespread occurrence and transmission, particularly through undercooked meats, eggs, and unpasteurized dairy products. Understanding the specific nature of Salmonella enterica and its role in human infection is crucial for recognizing its public health significance, distinguishing it from other bacteria that may cause different diseases or infections. In comparison, Treponema pallidum is associated with syphilis, Staphylococcus aureus is commonly linked to various skin and foodborne infections, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, each of which has distinct pathogenic mechanisms and transmission methods that do not relate to salmonellosis.