Microbiology Practice Exam

The primary function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells is to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. This organelle receives newly synthesized proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are synthesized. Once they arrive at the Golgi apparatus, they undergo various modifications, such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, and sulfation, which are essential for their function and stability.

Once the proteins and lipids have been modified, the Golgi apparatus sorts them according to their destination. Some may be sent to lysosomes, while others may be secreted outside the cell or inserted into the plasma membrane. The packaging process ensures that these molecules are enclosed in vesicles that facilitate their transport to the correct location within or outside the cell. This highly organized system plays a critical role in maintaining cellular function and communication.

The other options describe functions that belong to different cellular components. The synthesis of DNA occurs in the nucleus, ATP generation takes place mostly in the mitochondria, and degradation of cellular waste is primarily the responsibility of lysosomes. Thus, these functions are not associated with the activity of the Golgi apparatus.